With regard to the origin of Chinese culture and the Chinese nation since the Spring and Autumn pm, the traditional view is that both originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yao and Shun, cast at the "four crimes" in four Americans, so with the Rong and Di barbarians. (14) Sima Qian in the "Records of the Historian five emperors of the Millennium," is mentioned, because of work, pocket, three seedlings, Gun guilty, "So in terms of return on the Emperor Shun, please stream of workers in the secluded hills, in order to change Beidi; release pocket in the Chongshan to change Nanman; moved three seedlings in the three danger in order to change Xi Rong; lightning Gun Yu Yu Shan, in order to change Dongyi. " Ancient peoples such discrimination but that the border with China from the same source orthodox concept of impact is very deep.
On the other hand, since the 17th century Western Europe began to understand China from the time when that view was expressed that the Chinese people and Chinese culture from Egypt, and later have been considered to come from West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia or Southeast Asia. So the so-called "West", "South," to, as well as that from Siberia, Mongolia, "North is." And so on, in a word may apply under the "outside it." In addition to "foreign," to other than, of course, we also have foreign scholars believe that Chinese culture is originated in the indigenous culture of the land of China. (15)
To explore the origins of Chinese culture and the Chinese, the Chinese nation itself has a very rich in books. Ancient Chinese treasure trove of historical documents, ranking the highest in the world, while the Tibetan, Manchu, Yi, Dai, Uygur, Mongolian and other ethnic groups and historical documents, is also a rich and varied. These are all we look at Chinese culture and Chinese origin, formation and development, and provides a wealth of literature. Nevertheless, to explore the Chinese culture and the origins of Chinese civilization, just as the late Professor Xia Nai pointed out: "I thought the origin of Chinese civilization, like the other issues like the origin of ancient civilization, it should also be resolved by the archaeological . "(16) fortunately, the new rapid development of Chinese archeology, provides us with quite a sufficient scientific basis. Though not all issues have been clarified, and some important issues still lacks key areas, but according to my old Neolithic archaeological and anthropological discovery and the brilliant achievements of the Institute, from the origins of Chinese culture and the Chinese point of view sum up the complete overthrow of all sorts of "foreign," to confirm the Chinese culture, originated in China and the Chinese land, although in its development to absorb a lot of external components, however, is a native of the origin of terms. Alternatively, the traditional view that the Chinese nation and culture originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and then spread to the surrounding single-source Center, said the amendment has been proved that the Chinese culture is the diversity of regional development, but also showed aggregation within the Central Plains and the Central Plains culture to 4 weeks uneven development of radiation. This feature the older generation of archaeologists in recent years advocated by the archaeological and cultural area, department, type of study, has demonstrated its contours.
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1, the Chinese ancient humans and their cultural proof of the Chinese nation and culture originated in the land of China
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China's study of Paleolithic archeology and paleoanthropology, one of the most important achievements is the proof of human evolution in China since the Homo erectus (erectus) - Early Homo sapiens (the ancients) - Late Homo sapiens (new) in the various stage there is no missing link, you can create a more complete evolutionary sequence. (17) have found ancient human remains in place, are relatively concentrated in the Loess Plateau and the Yangtze River middle reaches of Yellow River, however, to the late stage of Homo sapiens, distribution expanded dramatically. Far as we know, the South East to Taiwan, Tainan, Lijiang, Yunnan, southwest to the northeast from Harbin, northern China to Inner Mongolia Wushenqi late Homo sapiens fossils have been found. The discovery of Paleolithic sites, but also relatively concentrated in the Yellow River, Yangtze River middle reaches of the two. Homo sapiens is a late stage of culture, archeology, known as the late Paleolithic culture has been found to reach the most northern location of 18 stations in Heilongjiang side Huma. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over 4,000 meters above where also found in the Paleolithic, such a high place to find Paleolithic artifacts, creating a new record in the history of archeology. According to "Encyclopedia of China Archaeological Volume" of the account, China has a very rich land burial of human fossils and Paleolithic artifacts. Has been found in early, middle and late periods of about 300 locations, which include the distribution of the 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. All this shows that the late Homo sapiens stage, China has generally been made on the land where the creation of human history and culture.
With regard to the history of mankind, the current Generally speaking it is about 300 million years. Is well known, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province in 1956 and that mussels found in the village of "Yuanmou Man," 170 million years ago, has been recognized; In addition, in Yunnan Lufeng, also found a rich Ramapithecus fossils. These findings show that China's southwest is likely to be one of the centers of human origins.
To all of China's ancient evolutionary stage of human understanding of a contour, this choice to Syria is as follows:
Homo erectus??? Also known as the ape-man, is the earliest stage of human evolution, some away from the human origins until 10 years ago. At present there has been universally recognized Yuanmou Man, Lantian Man (gongwangling Lantian County, Shaanxi), Peking (Beijing Zhoukoudian), Yun County (Hubei Yun County), Yun Westerners (Hubei YUNXI), and County (Anhui and county).
Early Homo sapiens??? Also known as the ancients. The materials from our perspective, this stage of human life in the 10 years ago to 4 million years ago. One of the important findings are Dali Man (Dali County, Shaanxi Province), the small village (Shanxi Xiangfen County, Ding Village), Xu tianjiayao people (Shanxi Yang Gao County, Xu tianjiayao), Jinniushan person (Yingkou, Liaoning Jinniushan), Changyang people (Hubei Changyang County), nest County (Anhui nest County), Maba Man (Guangdong Qujiang County dam).
Late Homo sapiens??? Also known as the newcomers. This is living in the back some 40000-1 million years ago human beings. To those who cite the following: Upper Cave Man (Beijing Zhoukoudian Upper Cave), Zhi-su, a person (Shanxi shuo xian zhi yu), the Loop person (Inner Mongolia Wushenqi), Antu people (Antu County, Jilin, Yanji), Harbin (Heilongjiang, Harbin City yanjia Kong), Liujiang person (Guangxi Liujiang County), who Xingyi (Guizhou Xingyi County), Lijiang people (Lijiang County, Yunnan Province), left the town people (Tainan County, Taiwan, left town).
The Homo erectus, early Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens late body and shows the kinds of contacts with the Mongols, the performance of Mongoloid origin and in the process of forming patterns on the various links and features. Paleolithic China, but they created early, middle and late periods of culture, and also has distinctive characteristics. "China's ancient human art collections, Foreword," pointed out: "Our country is known in various stages of the Paleolithic human fossils and have much in common, there are clear-cut inheritance, the different periods of human fossils have shovel-shaped incisors and stone tools in order to single-sided anti - mostly to repair, tools, combined with scraper-based, with a combined tip-like device and the choppers and so on. these irrefutable facts is all kinds of 'Chinese culture, the West is' strong criticism. "(18) Shovel-shaped incisor for Mongoloids, one of the most obvious features. Yuanmou Man's 2 incisors on the inside, that has shown a shovel-shaped structure, (19) can be said to have rendered the Mongols kinds of physical characteristics of the initial clues. Homo sapiens to the late stage, there are many physical characteristics with modern Mongoloids close to or in common, and North and South have emerged shaped phenomenon. China land rich in fossils of ancient humans and their physical characteristics indicate that there should be a Mongoloid (yellow) for his homeland. There may be some of them for up to several millions of years in the development of land outside of China has been migration, but they are the earliest inhabitants of the land of China, the earliest ancestor of the Chinese nation should be back to prehistoric times from these ancient China lived and multiplied on the earth humans. Of the Chinese nation, although there is like a Muslim from China, as China moved away from the earth, and over a long period in China's development, and incorporates many elements of other nations and become a member of the Chinese nation, but the vast majority of the Chinese nation members concerned, both originated in the land of China, and China land formation and development, and work together to create the history of China and a unified multi-ethnic country. Chinese culture in their development process, although a number of external components to absorb and digest, but it is originated in the land of the indigenous Chinese culture in their development process, has maintained a tradition of continuity and inheritance.
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Second, the Chinese Neolithic culture, diversity of regional development and convergence and the proliferation of
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A fundamental symbol of the Neolithic Age, agriculture and livestock production and polished stone tools, pottery and weaving techniques of the emergence of a natural gift of mankind has been totally dependent on the collection of economic transition to a transformation of the natural production economy. Social development, has also experienced from the matriarchal to a patriarchal clan system, prosperity, and in the late Neolithic into the collapse have shown the clan commune, private property and class division budding trend. So far, China's provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have been found in Neolithic sites, according to incomplete statistics, a total of more than 7,000 office, dating from around 6000 years BC, generally extended to around 2000 BC. The end of border areas was to be later. Based on identified throughout the Neolithic era, cultural outlook, as well as the continuity between them and mutual relations can be summed up as both a multi-regional development, but also intrinsically linked with the unity of character. With the Neolithic culture of the district, the Department of types of progress of the study, this feature is bound to become increasingly clear that people recognize for.
Stressed the diversity of the Chinese Neolithic culture, regional development, does not preclude the development of the imbalance between them. There is no doubt that the existence of the Yellow River middle and lower reaches of the two regions of the Neolithic culture, is the connotation of the Chinese Neolithic culture, the richest, most influential Neolithic culture. Sequence of its development, but also much clearer than the other regions, is the largest discovery, to study the most adequate two regions.
Yellow River culture area to customs in southern Shanxi, western Henan province as the center and west to the upper reaches of the Wei Shaanxi-Gansu border zone, the north line involving the Great Wall, Ru-Ying in the upper reaches of the south. Heluo region of their sequences represented are: former Yangshao (ex-6000 - pre-5400 years) (20) - Yangshao (formerly 5000 - before 3000) - Miao Digou two cultures and Henan Longshan culture ( before 2900 - before 2000). (21) succession of Henan Longshan culture may be the Xia culture. Lower Yellow River culture area to Taishan in Shandong province as the center-based, Southern extension of the Huai River, north of the east coast of north-east over the region in LD. Its sequence was as follows: Ching Lin Gang culture (pre-5400 - pre-4400 years) (22) - Dawenkou Culture (pre-4300 - pre-2500) - Shandong Longshan Culture, also known as typical of the Longshan culture (pre-2500 - pre-2000 years) - Yue Stone Culture (formerly the 1900 - 1500 BC). Takeishi, Shandong Longshan culture, culture and fill the gap between the business culture.
It must be emphasized that the two regions since the early Neolithic culture from each other on the existence of penetration phenomenon, but is all a system of two cultures. The past, generally considered a relatively Yangshao is the Longshan culture, in fact in the lower Yellow River and Yellow River Yangshao things relative, parallel development of the Dawenkou culture. With regard to the relationship between the two cultural areas and with the general trend of other cultural areas, archaeologists Professor Su Bingqi clearly pointed out: "Its early in Jinnan is off to its core areas in west Henan Yangshao to expand its influence around the main the latter is based on the original culture focused on the impact of various south-east on the Central Plains region, mainly Yangshao. "(23) deserves a closer study is that about 3,000 years BC, before and after, that is, around 5,000 years ago, Yangshao in the Yellow River the sudden decline of the Neolithic culture of the Yellow River downstream to keep the trend of presenting a unified middle reaches of the Yellow River, as well as in the Yellow River, following Yangshao development of Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, each with distinct characteristics of the Longshan culture. Its effects continue broadcasting and the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yellow River and the Great Wall. Although parts of the Longshan Culture in Shandong (typical) Longshan culture can be divided into parallel development for mutual penetration of the regional culture, but the overall trend is to have the basic characteristics of the Longshan culture. This rather typical phenomenon of convergence and blend, reflecting the creation of these cultural exchanges between various tribal groups, the struggle and integration.
China Yangtze River valley is one of the most important Neolithic culture, the origins of the region, there are two things that the relative cultural district. Although the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is still not as accurate as the sum of its sequence, but its general outline is still clear.
Lower reaches of the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake Plain as the center, the South as of Hangzhou Bay area, north to Nanjing as the center, including areas bordering Jiangsu and Anhui. Its sequence is a roughly Hemudu (early) Culture (formerly 5000 - pre-4000 years) - Majiabang Matsuzawa culture (pre-4300 - pre-3300 years) (24) - Liangzhu Culture (pre-3300 - before 2200) . Liangzhu Culture and the Longshan culture in Shandong considerable age, but there are a number of cultural characteristics in common, in the past was considered to be the Longshan culture, the spread of a variant of the south. The other hand, many elements of Liangzhu culture is a source of business culture.
Yangtze River as the center of Jianghan Plain, South packet Dongting Lake Plain, the West to make the Three Gorges eastern Sichuan, Henan Province in the north. Its sequence was yet more controversy, temporarily summarized as follows: zaoshi (lower) Culture (carbon-14 determination of 6920 ± 200, Jordan BC 5,000 years) - Daxi culture (pre-4000 - pre-3300 years) - Qujialing culture (pre-3000 - pre-2600) (25) - Hubei Longshan culture (about 2400 BC, when the beyond). Qujialing culture in which cultural inheritance of the Daxi relatively clear, and because the impact was significantly affected by Yangshao culture, in the southern Henan and northern Hubei Yangshao quite staggered distribution.
Another point of interest is quite Rao are: the Yangtze River are two things that the relative cultural district, respectively, by the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are two things that the relative impact of cultural district. However, the south of the Huaihe River is a rice paddy fields represented by the agricultural culture of the north is represented by dryland millet farming culture, although there is infiltration of each other, but the zoning is relatively clear. These two different geo-cultural existence of something of their relative two regions, the same Chinese culture and the Chinese origin of the most important area.
Other pairs in the Yanshan-centric culture of the Great Wall north and south Yanliao area, the Yellow River Gansu-Qinghai and cultural areas in order to Poyang Lake - the central axis of the Pearl River Delta Cultural District in southern China and northern hunting and fishing and hunting culture area, more in-depth study of the ongoing and induction. Yan Liao cultural area in which, due to the Hongshan culture at the altar and the "female temple" of the discovery; the Yellow River upper reaches of the Yellow River due to the decline of pottery in the later, on the contrary, to develop the upper reaches of the Yellow River; South China due to appear in the apparent existence of pottery before agriculture, and the age of roughly 9500-10000 years ago, obviously the Central Plains as early as the Neolithic cultural factors, have aroused the archaeological community and the history of very deep concern about the academic and research interests. The north, southwest and northwest, as well as the Neolithic Culture of the Tibetan Plateau is also found to increase with the in-kind, research increasingly has attracted wide attention. A few decades ago, the "new West", primarily based on pottery and other cultural factors, concluded that China's Neolithic culture from Mesopotamia and Central Asia and other places passed, Neolithic archaeological experts, a detailed analysis of An Zhimin, Professor Neolithic culture in western China after the conclusion of all aspects, said: "The current archaeological data indicate that they are indigenous here, with east China's Neolithic culture are inextricably linked, especially with the early culture of the Yellow River basin is closely related to the . This has determined that 'the Chinese culture from the West' is bankrupt. "(26)
Chinese Neolithic culture, many cultural regions and systems are based on indigenous cultures as the foundation, and the adjacent areas of mutual penetration of culture formed. Middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region in which the two Neolithic culture is the backbone of the Chinese Neolithic culture, and 5,000 years ago to 4,000 years of this millennium, the formation of the cultural landscape Converging trends.
Chinese Neolithic culture also showed that the land of China is the world's major centers of agricultural origins. Other hand, it shows in the history of development, such as in the previous section the distribution of agriculture and animal husbandry have been described in the three development zone, in the Neolithic Age, the basic pattern has blossomed and developed. Namely Qinling Mountains - the Huaihe River as the boundary, the North is represented by dryland millet millet agricultural areas, livestock are pigs, dogs, chickens, cattle, goats, sheep, horse; the South is represented by rice paddy fields, agricultural areas, livestock are pigs , dogs, chickens, water buffalo. To the late Neolithic, pigs, dogs, chickens, cattle, sheep, horses domestic animals has basically acquired. Of course, this line is not completely insurmountable, mutual penetration phenomenon also exists.
Su magnetic mountain, Pei Li Gang ruins already remains, about 8,000 years ago; rice in the Hemudu ruins have been found, dating back 7000 years. These are now known through the world's crop varieties grown in the earliest specimens. In the Qin Great Wall west of the north of the Neolithic period is mainly hunting and fishing and hunting area, then most of the hunting tribes are nomadic development; fishing and hunting tribes are after long-term development, as hunting and fishing or agricultural nation. This stage in the origin of the Chinese nation, the burgeoning North-South agriculture and animal husbandry with three regional and national economic development, all the development and formation of the Chinese nation have undergone a profound impact.
The first Chinese national to the Xia, Shang, all middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. However, the land Bay, Gansu Qin'an palace-style buildings Yangshao, (27) Western Liaoning Hongshan culture at the altar, and "Female Temple" (28) contains temple architecture model and worship of Heaven, mausoleum etc. are related to the Shang and Zhou and beyond, China there are connections between the ancient system. The Hongshan Culture Jade Shang Dynasty jade groups and the same group of subjects, styles have origins relations; Liangzhu culture, jade groups and the Department of Hongshan Culture Jade Kwan Hin two systems, but also Liangzhu culture, jade has been handed down in the Shang and Zhou and development. Shang and Zhou bronze culture of words and Oracle are supported by two middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River cultural district as the main source of Neolithic culture, but also many other Neolithic cast within the crystallization of convergence, indicating that the Chinese Neolithic culture, such as multi-regional development Spark little bit, then stream of convergence in the Central Plains, polyethylene into the raging bonfire, so that the ancient Chinese culture radiate a brilliant eye-catching, making China the world's most ancient civilizations ancient one. This is the Chinese Neolithic culture, revealed the true objective.
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Third, the ancient legends of the various tribal groups and their mutual struggle and integration of
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Neolithic culture and diversity of regional development, and that the earth in ancient times the Chinese had been in existence for many, many of these cultures to create clan and several tribal groups. There was no text left over from a number of myths and legends to be too simple, and after recording those who organize and transformation to its origins have been difficult to recover. At present, there are some experts at home and abroad has collected ancient Chinese mythology, in particular, there are some experts are beginning to organize China's ethnic minorities are still collecting oral tradition of the universe, human beings, ancestors, the origin of things such as myths, and the documentary records of ancient Myth-control study carried out, has received a lot of fat cover knowledge micro-results. At the same time scholars in ancient history, ethnic history, archeology and other fields are also exploring with archeology, literature, ethnology various materials placed in a furnace of governance, in the hope of the archaeological cultures and ethnic groups belong to the clan Research on the origin of such a breakthrough.
The earliest known text from the current Oracle began, that is, on the Emperor (the Emperor of Heaven) and ancestor worship record. Warring States thinkers, race Zhengyin ancient mythology, the historical basis of its doctrine, or illustration. Difficult for them to split with each other on the similarities and differences between the myth of their own choice, so even if the same myth, individual understand the inevitably contradictory. We only have the myth of their Zhengyin distinguish their doctrine - the former as the Spring and Autumn were saved when the myth of historical data, the latter as the Spring and Autumn, when historical data are examined separately in various schools of thought - can the philosophers book find out more reliable information to the ancient myth. Spread since the pre-Qin literature about the "Songs of the South Heavenly Questions" and "Shan Hai Jing" as the myth-yuan House.
In accordance with the "national language", "world", these "big DAI mind" in the "imperial system", "five emperors virtue" of the records, the earliest ancestor of the Chinese nation and the Yan Emperor Huangdi. Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Chu and so out of a series of the Yellow Emperor. Xu Shu Jia Hong and Tang, Professor, according to two summary tables listed in their lineage as follows: (dash indicates that the relationship between father and son)
As Xu, Mr. Tang Liang noted: "descent from the above summary table analysis, Yan, Huang out of a father, Xia, Shang, Zhou and Chu were out one source. If you truly believe that these descent, and thus as the preparation of Chinese Ancient History basis, no doubt is unscientific, and the historical facts in contravention of Wu. "(29)
The Spring and Autumn, people also know that in the "Pacific" Time: "The China Poly Group Health Department, Zhimu I do not know the father, no relatives, brothers, husband and wife treat men and women, young and old no way up and down, no advance and retreat of the ceremony to greet, no clothes, track Palazzo animal product of it, no danger in the prepared equipment Zhoujuchengkuo ", (30) This is an original herd and the matriarchal society of the picture. With regard to Suiren, Youchao legend, probably the ancient prehistoric times our ancestors found in the function of the fire, and fire by rubbing sticks with nested reflected. Paleolithic Age, has received these achievements. As for the legend Shennong that agriculture has emerged, which is the most important achievements of the Neolithic Age. In regard to Taihao, Shaohao, Huang Di, Yan Di, Fu Xi, Nu Wa and other legends, reflects the ancient Yellow River and Yangtze River East and West had enshrined the various tribal groups of different gods and the ancestors of God situation. According to Professor Xu Xusheng "China's Ancient History Legend era" division of China's ancient tribes in general are the three groups, namely, the Northwest China Group, the East Dongyi Group, the South Miaoman group.
China Group, including the Huang Di, Yan Di, Zhuan Xu (Goyang), Shun (with Yu Shi), a serious fire and other nationalities. Huangdi tribe originated from the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi, because water drawn from Ji Ji Xing; Yandi tribe while Zhao Duan Yu Wei-shui upstream, Shaanxi-Gansu border region, due to the water derived from the surname Jiang Jiang. Since then, the proportion of each of the two communities eastward. Emperor Yan Shun Wei-shui family, the Yellow River has been developed to this south of Henan Province and Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces border area, the Yellow Emperor tribe along the North Luohe, Wei-shui and the north shore of the Yellow River, along the section of mountain Taihang Mountains, until today near Beijing.
Taihao (Hao), Shaohao (Hao), Chiyou are Dongyi Group. The distribution: North from the northern part of Shandong, Shandong height reached throughout the west, Yudong, south to the Huaihe River north and south, east to the sea.
3 Miao, Fu Xi, Nu Wa, pocket is a Miao Man Group. Distribution to Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi Province as the center, north and south of Henan bear ears, foreign, Funiu Zhu Mountain Range.
The above three tribal groups after long-term exchanges, the struggle, and finally integration into China, that is, the predecessor of the Han. Mr. Xu book for 30's, 50's had a larger updated. Now archaeological discovery and Ancient History studies have shown that some of them into irrational, but he asserted that China is a fusion of many different tribes formed. Originally belonging to different groups of gods out of a source with the ancestors of God, reflecting China This is a combination of different tribal groups of congeners.
According to the pre-Qin literature: in about 5,000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor, Jiu Li Yan Emperor to unite with the war in Zhuolu (now Zhuolu County, Hebei, south-east), defeated Jiu Li, kill their leaders Chiyou, and achieved a decisive right Jiuli victory. Subsequently, Yanhuang another war on the hillside spring (some say with the Zhuolu the same place, one that in this county, Shanxi Yuncheng Salt Pond), three fighting to defeat Yan Emperor Huangdi, the Yellow River middle and lower reaches of large clans to become the leader of the League. Huang Di, Yan Di, Chiyou of war and integration, reflects the things that middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Group, a long-term exchanges between the two tribes, influence each other and eventually formed through mergers and stability in the tribal alliance to conquer the historical process. Them during the war, is precisely the lower Yellow River culture and inherited development of the Neolithic Yang-shao culture in Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other provinces have regional characteristics produced Longshan culture period. This match, perhaps the history of China won the conqueror, in the counter-culture was higher than its level of development has been assimilated by the first conquerors as an example.
After the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun and Yu have become a major head way to demise, is actually a way to establish large tribal alliance elected the supreme leader. In this later developed into a powerful dynasty, the tribal alliance, ginger, JI tribes living in advantage, Dongyi tribes also have a lot of power, almost every demise have gone through what the two groups of tribes fierce struggles, and the first few one Xia WANG, Xia Yi are also after repeated trials of strength before the two forces has been established. Mencius said: "Shun-sheng Yu Zhu Feng, moved in the negative summer, died ming article Dongyi of the people." (31) "Historical Record, Sequence Chronology of the six countries", said: "Yu Xing Yu Xiqiang" " Variorum "drawing Huangfu Mi said:" Mencius said Yu Sheng Shi New Zealand Xi Yi people. "Mencius Zhengyin these ancient legends, after all what the Yellow River Basin tribal groups to form the two major tribal alliance in the process of struggle and are living proof of convergence.
Other clan away from the Central Plains tribes, separated by mountains and rivers, in the pre-Qin Shao-Wen, when his name central China, and being to rare in the set membership. However, the culture of the Neolithic remains down and prove that there are a lot of those areas in the creation of tribal history and culture, and future generations in these areas have been the rise of many nationalities, and constantly on stage in Chinese history to create eye-catching performance. Legend of their ancestors, or is constantly enriched in the historical records, or is spread so far in the fraternal peoples, the origin of the Chinese nation in the most characteristic part of the legend.
